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Background: Effects of roflumilast on lung function, symptoms, acute exacerbation and adverse events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are controversial. We aimed to further clarify the efficacy and safety of roflumilast in treatment of moderate-to-severe COPD.

Previous studies showing that tiotropium improves multiple end points in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) led us to examine the long-term effects of tiotropium therapy.

Despite several long-acting β₂-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA)/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) are currently approved for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)...

Objectives: We compared the effects of once-daily triple therapy on lung function and health-related quality of life with twice-daily ICS/LABA therapy in patients with COPD.

Purpose: Bronchodilator reversibility has been reported in patients with COPD, although correlations between reversibility and treatment response are unclear.

Background: 'Clinically important deterioration' (CID) is a composite endpoint measuring worsening of the key clinical features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), namely lung function, patient-reported outcomes, and exacerbations.

Tiotropium, a once-daily anticholinergic, and salmeterol represent two inhaled, long-acting bronchodilators from different pharmacologic classes.

Background: Previous studies have highlighted a relationship between reduction in rate of exacerbations with therapies containing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and baseline blood eosinophil count in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between immediate responsiveness with the short-acting β2-agonist salbutamol and effects of treatment with the ultra-long-acting β2-agonist indacaterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Polyneuropathy has been observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). If polyneuropathy occurs as a complication or extrapulmonary manifestation of COPD, one would expect an increased prevalence among patients with a cryptogenic axonal polyneuropathy.