Macular degeneration

Macular degeneration, often referred to as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), affects the macula – the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It leads to progressive central vision loss, typically sparing peripheral vision.

Macular degeneration includes two main types:

• Dry (atrophic)
• Wet (neovascular)

How prevalent is macular degeneration?

At age 60, macular degeneration affects about one in 200 people. By age 90, it impacts one in five. As life expectancy increases, the number of affected individuals continues to rise.

What symptoms are commonly associated with macular degeneration?

Symptoms often go unnoticed until the disease progresses. Patients may report difficulty seeing in dim light, blurred or distorted vision, changes in color perception, and reduced central vision. Some describe straight lines as wavy or curved, or notice blank or dark spots in their visual field. Early recognition of these signs supports timely diagnosis and management.

How does macular degeneration affect quality of life?

Macular degeneration can limit visually demanding tasks, such as mobility, facial recognition, scene interpretation, and activities like cooking, shopping, and driving. It is also linked to higher rates of depression, particularly in older adults living independently.

What treatment options are available for macular degeneration?

While there’s no cure, early treatment can slow progression and reduce symptom severity. Management depends on the type of macular degeneration and may include nutritional supplements, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections, photodynamic therapy, and laser therapy.

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