Ibuprofen Lysine

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience The most frequently reported adverse events with Ibuprofen Lysine were as shown in Table 1. 6.2 Renal Function Compared to placebo, there was a small decrease in urinary output in the ibuprofen group on days 2-6 of life, with a compensatory increase in urine output on day 9. In other studies, adverse events classified as renal insufficiency including oliguria, elevated BUN, elevated creatinine, or renal failure were reported in ibuprofen treated infants. 6.3 Additional Adverse Events The adverse events reported in the multicenter study and of unknown association include tachycardia, cardiac failure, abdominal distension, gastroesophageal reflux, gastritis, ileus, inguinal hernia, injection site reactions, cholestasis, various infections, feeding problems, convulsions, jaundice, hypotension, and various laboratory abnormalities including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperglycemia. 6.4 Post-marketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified from spontaneous post-marketing reports or published literature: gastrointestinal perforation, necrotizing enterocolitis, and pulmonary hypertension. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency, or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Most common adverse reactions (≥10%) are sepsis, anemia, intraventricular bleeding, apnea, gastrointestinal disorders, impaired renal function, respiratory infection, skin lesions, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, respiratory failure. (6) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Prasco Laboratories at 1-888-525-0888, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. Table 1

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Ibuprofen Lysine is contraindicated in: Preterm infants with proven or suspected infection that is untreated; Preterm infants with congenital heart disease in whom patency of the PDA is necessary for satisfactory pulmonary or systemic blood flow (e.g., pulmonary atresia, severe tetralogy of Fallot, severe coarctation of the aorta); Preterm infants who are bleeding, especially those with active intracranial hemorrhage or gastrointestinal bleeding; Preterm infants with thrombocytopenia; Preterm infants with coagulation defects; Preterm infants with or who are suspected of having necrotizing enterocolitis; Preterm infants with significant impairment of renal function. Ibuprofen Lysine is contraindicated in preterm infants: With proven or suspected infection that is untreated (4) With congential heart disease in whom patency of the PDA is necessary for satisfactory pulmonary or systemic blood flow (4) With impaired renal function (4) With thrombocytopenia, coagulation defects or who are bleeding (4) With or who are suspected of having necrotizing enterocolitis (4)

11 DESCRIPTION Ibuprofen Lysine is a clear sterile preservative-free solution of the L-lysine salt of (±)-ibuprofen which is the active ingredient. (±)-Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). L-lysine is used to create a water-soluble drug product salt suitable for intravenous administration. Each mL of Ibuprofen Lysine contains 17.1 mg of Ibuprofen Lysine (equivalent to 10 mg of (±)-ibuprofen) in Water for Injection, USP. The pH is adjusted to 7.0 with sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. The structural formula is: Ibuprofen Lysine is designated chemically as α-methyl-4-(2-methyl propyl) benzeneacetic acid lysine salt. Its molecular weight is 352.48. Its empirical formula is C 19 H 32 N 2 O 4 . It occurs as a white crystalline solid which is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. Structural Formula

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Recommended Dose A course of therapy is three doses of Ibuprofen Lysine administered intravenously (administration via an umbilical arterial line has not been evaluated). An initial dose of 10 mg per kilogram is followed by two doses of 5 mg per kilogram each, after 24 and 48 hours. All doses should be based on birth weight. If anuria or marked oliguria (urinary output <0.6 mL/kg/hr) is evident at the scheduled time of the second or third dose of Ibuprofen Lysine, no additional dosage should be given until laboratory studies indicate that renal function has returned to normal. If the ductus arteriosus closes or is significantly reduced in size after completion of the first course of Ibuprofen Lysine, no further doses are necessary. If during continued medical management the ductus arteriosus fails to close or reopens, then a second course of Ibuprofen Lysine, alternative pharmacological therapy, or surgery may be necessary. 2.2 Directions for Use For intravenous administration only. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Do not use Ibuprofen Lysine if particulate matter is observed. After the first withdrawal from the vial, any solution remaining must be discarded because Ibuprofen Lysine contains no preservative. For administration, Ibuprofen Lysine should be diluted to an appropriate volume with dextrose or saline. Ibuprofen Lysine should be prepared for infusion and administered within 30 minutes of preparation and infused continuously over a period of 15 minutes. The drug should be administered via the IV port that is nearest the insertion site. After the first withdrawal from the vial, any solution remaining must be discarded because Ibuprofen Lysine contains no preservative. Since Ibuprofen Lysine is potentially irritating to tissues, it should be administered carefully to avoid extravasation. Ibuprofen Lysine should not be simultaneously administered in the same intravenous line with Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). If necessary, TPN should be interrupted for a 15-minute period prior to and after drug administration. Line patency should be maintained by using dextrose or saline. A course of therapy is three doses administered I.V. (2.1) An initial dose of 10 mg/kg (based on birth weight) is followed by two doses of 5 mg/kg each, after 24 and 48 hours. (2.1) Do not administer if anuria or marked oliguria (<0.6 mL/kg/hr) is evident at the scheduled time of the second or third dose. (2.1)

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ibuprofen Lysine is indicated to close a clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants weighing between 500 and 1500 g, who are no more than 32 weeks gestational age when usual medical management (e.g., fluid restriction, diuretics, respiratory support, etc.) is ineffective. The clinical trial was conducted among infants with an asymptomatic PDA. However, the consequences beyond 8 weeks after treatment have not been evaluated; therefore, treatment should be reserved for infants with clear evidence of a clinically significant PDA. Ibuprofen Lysine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indicated to close a clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants weighing between 500 and 1500 g, who are no more than 32 weeks gestational age when usual medical management is ineffective. The clinical trial was conducted among infants with an asymptomatic PDA. However, the consequences beyond 8 weeks after treatment have not been evaluated; therefore, treatment should be reserved for infants with clear evidence of a clinically significant PDA. (1)

10 OVERDOSAGE The following signs and symptoms have occurred in individuals (not necessarily in premature infants) following an overdose of oral ibuprofen: breathing difficulties, coma, drowsiness, irregular heartbeat, kidney failure, low blood pressure, seizures, and vomiting. There are no specific measures to treat acute overdosage with Ibuprofen Lysine. The patient should be followed for several days because gastrointestinal ulceration and hemorrhage may occur.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Diuretics: Ibuprofen may reduce the effect of diuretics; diuretics can increase the risk of nephrotoxicity of NSAIDs in dehydrated patients. Monitor renal function in patients receiving concomitant diuretics. Amikacin: Ibuprofen may decrease the clearance of amikacin. Diuretics: Increased risk of renal dysfunction. (7)

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action through which ibuprofen causes closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in neonates is not known. In adults, ibuprofen is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. 12.2 Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Studies The pharmacokinetic data were obtained from 54 Ibuprofen Lysine-treated premature infants included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter study. Infants were less than 30 weeks gestational age, weighed between 500 and 1000 g, and exhibited asymptomatic PDA with evidence of echocardiographic documentation of ductal shunting. Dosing was initially 10 mg/kg followed by 5 mg/kg at 24 and 48 hours. The population average clearance and volume of distribution values of racemic ibuprofen for premature infants at birth were 3 mL/kg/h and 320 mL/kg, respectively. Clearance increased rapidly with post-natal age (an average increase of approximately 0.5 mL/kg/h per day). Inter-individual variability in clearance and volume of distribution were 55% and 14%, respectively. In general, the half-life in infants is more than 10 times longer than in adults. The metabolism and excretion of ibuprofen in premature infants have not been studied. In adults, renal elimination of unchanged ibuprofen accounts for only 10-15% of the dose. The excretion of ibuprofen and metabolites occurs rapidly in both urine and feces. Approximately 80% of the dose administered orally is recovered in urine as hydroxyl and carboxyl metabolites, respectively, as a mixture of conjugated and unconjugated forms. Ibuprofen is eliminated primarily by metabolism in the liver where CYP2C9 mediates the 2- and 3-hydroxylations of R- and S-ibuprofen. Ibuprofen and its metabolites are further conjugated to acyl glucuronides. In neonates, renal function and the enzymes associated with drug metabolism are underdeveloped at birth and substantially increase in the days after birth.

20230119

7

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 20 mg/2 mL (10 mg/mL) as a clear sterile preservative-free solution of the L-lysine salt of ibuprofen in a 2 mL single-use vial. 20 mg/2 mL (10 mg/mL) as a clear sterile preservative-free solution of the L-lysine salt of ibuprofen in a 2 mL single-use vial (3)

Ibuprofen Lysine ibuprofen lysine IBUPROFEN LYSINE IBUPROFEN WATER

NDA021903

Ibuprofen Lysine

ibuprofen lysine

66993-490

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

INTRAVENOUS

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 66993-490-36 3 x 2 mL Single Dose Vials Rx Only PRASCO Ibuprofen Lysine Injection 20 mg/2mL (10 mg/mL) Sterile Solution for Intravenous Use Only Each mL contains: Ibuprofen 10 mg (as ibuprofen lysine) in Water for Injection, USP. Dilute to an appropriate volume with dextrose or saline. Please refer to the Package Insert for full prescribing information. Store at 20-25ºC (68-77ºF); excursions permitted 15-30ºC (59-86ºF). Store vials in carton until use. Manufactured by: Alcami Carolinas Corporation Charleston, SC 29405, U.S.A. For: Prasco Laboratories Mason, OH 45050, U.S.A. PC4827E 3pk-Ibuprofen Lysine

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Infection Ibuprofen Lysine may alter signs of infection. Patients’ caregivers should be informed to monitor the infant for any signs of infection. Platelet Aggregation Patients’ caregivers should be informed that like other NSAIDS, Ibuprofen Lysine can inhibit clot formation therefore their infant should be monitored for any signs of bleeding. Administration Patients’ caregivers should be informed that the infants’ skin and tissues should be monitored as leakage from administration may be irritating to tissue. Manufactured by: Alcami Carolinas Corporation, Charleston, SC 29405, U.S.A. For: Prasco Laboratories, Mason, OH 45040, U.S.A. PC4826C

14 CLINICAL STUDIES In a double-blind, multicenter clinical study premature infants of birth weight between 500 and 1000 g, less than 30 weeks post-conceptional age, and with echocardiographic evidence of a PDA were randomized to placebo or Ibuprofen Lysine. These infants were asymptomatic from their PDA at the time of enrollment. The primary efficacy parameter was the need for rescue therapy (indomethacin, open-label ibuprofen, or surgery) to treat a hemodynamically significant PDA by study day 14. An infant was rescued if there was clinical evidence of a hemodynamically significant PDA that was echocardiographically confirmed. A hemodynamically significant PDA was defined by three of the following five criteria ― bounding pulse, hyperdynamic precordium, pulmonary edema, increased cardiac silhouette, or systolic murmur ― or hemodynamically significant ductus as determined by a neonatologist. One hundred and thirty-six premature infants received either placebo or Ibuprofen Lysine (10 mg/kg on the first dose and 5 mg/kg at 24 and 48 hours). Mean birth age was 1.5 days (range: 4.6 – 73.0 hours), mean gestational age was 26 weeks (range: 23 – 30 weeks), and mean weight was 798 g (range: 530 – 1015 g). All infants had a documented PDA with evidence of ductal shunting. As shown in Table 2 , 25% of infants on Ibuprofen Lysine required rescue therapy versus 48% of infants on placebo (p=0.003 from logistic regression controlling for site). Table 2. Summary of Efficacy Results, n (%) Ibuprofen Lysine N=68 Placebo N=68 Required rescue through study day 14 Total 17 (25) 33 (48) By age at treatment Birth to < 24 hours 3/14 (21) 8/16 (50) 24-48 hours 9/32 (28) 16/37 (43) > 48 hours 5/22 (23) 9/15 (60) Echocardiographically proven PDA prior to rescue 17 (100) 32 (97) Reasons for Rescue Hemodynamically significant PDA per neonatologist 14 (82) 25 (76) Bounding pulse 6 (35) 12 (36) Systolic murmur 6 (35) 15 (45) Pulmonary Edema 3 (18) 5 (15) Hyperdynamic precordium 2 (12) 3 (9) Increased cardiac silhouette 1 (6) 5 (15) Of the infants requiring rescue within the first 14 days after the first dose of study drug, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Ibuprofen Lysine and placebo groups for mean age at start of first rescue treatment (8.7 days, range 4-15 days, for the Ibuprofen Lysine group and 6.9 days, range 2-15 days, for the placebo group). The groups were similar in the number of deaths by day 14, the number of patients on a ventilator or requiring oxygenation at day 1, 4 and 14, the number of patients requiring surgical ligation of their PDA (12%), the number of cases of Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Hypertension by day 14, and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia at day 28. In addition, no significant differences were noted in the incidences of Stage 2 and 3 Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Grades 3 and 4 Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Periventricular Leukomalacia and Retinopathy of Prematurity between groups as determined at 36±1 weeks adjusted gestational age. Two supportive studies also determined that ibuprofen, either prophylactically (n=433, weight range: 400 – 2165 g) or as treatment (n=210, weight range: 400 – 2370 g), was superior to placebo (or no treatment) in preventing the need for rescue therapy for a symptomatic PDA.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness have only been established in premature infants.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING How Supplied Ibuprofen Lysine Injection is dispensed in treated* clear glass single-use vials, each containing 2 mL of sterile solution (NDC 66993-490-84). The solution is not buffered and contains no preservatives. Each milliliter contains 17.1 mg/mL (±)-ibuprofen L-lysine [equivalent to 10 mg/mL (±)-ibuprofen] dissolved in Water for Injection, USP. Ibuprofen Lysine is supplied in a carton (NDC 66993-490-36) containing 3 single-use vials. Storage and Handling Store at 20 – 25°C (68 – 77°F); excursions permitted 15 – 30°C (59 – 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light. Store vials in carton until contents have been used. *Ibuprofen Lysine Injection is dispensed in a glass vial having a silicon dioxide coating or polymer coating that inhibits the formation of particulates that result from the interaction of the ibuprofen lysine with untreated glass.