Ropinirole 1 mg film-coated tablets

Each film-coated tablet contains 1 mg of ropinirole (as hydrochloride).

Excipient with known effect:

Each film-coated tablet contains 54.25 mg lactose.

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

Film-coated tablet

Green coloured, capsule shaped biconvex, film-coated tablets with break-line on both sides.

The tablet can be divided into equal halves.

For the treatment of Parkinson's disease under the following conditions:

• Initial treatment as monotherapy, in order to delay the introduction of levodopa

• In combination with levodopa, over the course of the disease, when the effect of levodopa wears off or becomes inconsistent and fluctuations in the therapeutic effect occur ("end of dose" or "on-off" type fluctuations)

For the symptomatic treatment of moderate to severe idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome (see section 5.1)

Posology

Individual dose titration is recommended, based on efficacy and tolerability.

Parkinson's disease

Ropinirole should be taken three times daily, preferably with meals to improve gastrointestinal tolerance.

Treatment initiation

The initial dose should be 0.25 mg Ropinirole three times daily for one week. Thereafter, the dose can be increased upwards in 0.25 mg increments three times daily according to the following regimen:

Week

1

2

3

4

Unit dose (mg) of ropinirole

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.0

Total daily dose (mg) of ropinirole

0.75

1.5

2.25

3.0

Therapeutic regimen

Following initial dose titration, the Ropinirole dose may be increased by weekly increments of 0.5 to 1 mg three times daily (1.5 to 3 mg/day).

A therapeutic response may be seen between 3 and 9 mg/day of ropinirole. If sufficient symptomatic control is not achieved, or maintained after the initial titration as described above, the dose of ropinirole may be increased up to 24 mg/day.

Doses above 24 mg/day have not been studied.

If treatment is interrupted for one day or more, re-initiation by dose titration should be considered (see above).

When ropinirole is administered as adjunct therapy to levodopa, the concurrent dose of levodopa may be reduced gradually according to the symptomatic response. In clinical trials, the levodopa dose was reduced gradually by around 20% in patients treated with ropinirole as adjunct therapy.

In patients with advanced Parkinson's disease receiving ropinirole in combination with levodopa, dyskinesias can occur during the initial titration of ropinirole. In clinical trials it was shown that a reduction of the levodopa dose may ameliorate dyskinesia (see section 4.8).

When switching treatment from another dopamine agonist to ropinirole, the manufacturer's guidelines on discontinuation should be followed prior to initiating ropinirole therapy.

As with other dopamine agonists, it is necessary to discontinue ropinirole treatment gradually by reducing the number of daily doses over the period of one week (see section 4.4).

For doses not realisable/practicable with this medicinal product other strengths of this medicinal product are available.

Restless Legs Syndrome

Ropinirole should be taken just before bedtime, however the dose can be taken up to 3 hours before retiring. Ropinirole may be taken with food to improve gastrointestinal tolerance.

Treatment initiation (week 1)

The recommended initial dose is 0.25mg once daily (administered as above) for 2 days. If this dose is well tolerated the dose should be increased to 0.5 mg once daily for the remainder of week 1.

Therapeutic regimen (week 2 onwards)

Following treatment initiation, the daily dose should be increased until optimal therapeutic response is achieved. The average dose in clinical trials, in patients with moderate to severe Restless Legs Syndrome, was 2 mg once a day.

The dose may be increased to 1 mg once a day at week 2. The dose may then be increased by 0.5 mg per week over the next two weeks to a dose of 2 mg once a day. In some patients, to achieve optimal improvement, the dose may be increased gradually up to a maximum of 4 mg once a day. In clinical trials the dose was increased by 0.5 mg each week to 3 mg once a day and then by 1 mg up to the maximum recommended dose of 4 mg once a day as shown in Table 1.

Doses above 4 mg once daily have not been investigated in Restless Legs Syndrome patients.

Table 1 Dose titration

Week

2

3

4

5*

6*

7*

Dose (mg)/once daily

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

4

* To achieve optimal improvement in some patients.

The efficacy of ropinirole treatment has not been shown beyond 12 weeks (see Section 5.1). Patient response should be evaluated after 12 weeks treatment and the need for treatment continuation reconsidered. If treatment is interrupted for more than a few days it should be reinitiated by dose titration carried out as above.

General information for the indications Parkinson's disease and Restless Legs Syndrome

Children and adolescents

Ropinirole is not recommended for the use in children and adolescents below 18 years due to a lack of data on safety and efficacy.

Elderly patients

The clearance of ropinirole is decreased by approximately 15% in patients aged 65 years or above. Although a dose adjustment is not required, ropinirole dose should be individually titrated, with careful monitoring of tolerability, to the optimal clinical response.

Renal Impairment

In patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance of 30-50 ml/min), no change in ropinirole clearance was observed, indicating that no dosage adjustment is necessary in this population.

The use of ropinirole in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min) without regular haemodialysis has not been studied.

Parkinson's disease

A study into the use of ropinirole in patients with end stage renal disease (patients on haemodialysis) has shown that a dose adjustment in these patients is required as follows: the initial dose of Ropinirole should be 0.25 mg three times a day. Further dose escalations should be based on tolerability and efficacy. The recommended maximum dose is 18 mg/day in patients receiving regular haemodialysis. Supplemental doses after haemodialysis are not required (see section 5.2).

Restless Legs Syndrome

A study into the use of ropinirole in patients with end stage renal disease (patients on haemodialysis) has shown that a dose adjustment in these patients is required as follows: the recommended initial dose of Ropinirole is 0.25 mg once daily. Further dose escalations should be based on tolerability and efficacy. The recommended maximum dose of Ropinirole is 3 mg/day in patients receiving regular haemodialysis. Supplemental doses after haemodialysis are not required (see section 5.2).

Method of administration

Oral use.

- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.

- Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) without regular haemodialysis.

- Hepatic impairment.

Somnolence and episodes of sudden sleep onset

Ropinirole has been associated with somnolence and episodes of sudden sleep onset, particularly in patients with Parkinson's disease. There have been (uncommon) reports of sudden sleep onset during daily activities. In some cases, such episodes occurred without any warning signs or awareness by the patient. Patients must be informed of this and advised to exercise caution while driving or operating machines during treatment with Ropinirole.

Patients who have experienced somnolence and/or an episode of sudden sleep onset must refrain from driving or operating machines. Furthermore, a dose reduction or discontinuation of therapy should be considered.

Psychiatric or psychotic disorders

Patients with major psychiatric or psychotic disorders, or a history of these disorders should only be treated with dopamine agonists if the potential benefits outweigh the risks.

Impulse control disorders

Patients should be regularly monitored for the development of impulse control disorders. Patients and carers should be made aware that behavioural symptoms of impulse control disorders including pathological gambling, increased libido, hypersexuality, compulsive spending or buying, binge eating and compulsive eating can occur in patients treated with dopamine agonists including ropinirole. Dose reduction/tapered discontinuation should be considered if such symptoms develop.

Hypotension

Due to the risk of hypotension, blood pressure monitoring is recommended, particularly at the start of the treatment, in patients with severe cardiovascular disease (in particular coronary insufficiency).

Co-administration of ropinirole with anti-hypertensive and anti-arrhythmic agents has not been studied. As with other dopaminergic drugs, caution should be exercised when these compounds are given concomitantly with ropinirole because of the unknown potential for the occurrence of hypotension, bradycardias or other arrhythmias.

Neuroleptic akathisia, tasikinesia, secondary Restless Legs Syndrome

Ropinirole should not be used to treat neuroleptic akathisia, tasikinesia (neuroleptic-induced compulsive tendency to walk), or secondary Restless Legs Syndrome (e.g. caused by renal failure, iron deficiency anaemia or pregnancy).

During treatment with ropinirole, paradoxical worsening of Restless Legs Syndrome symptoms occurring with earlier onset (augmentation), and reoccurrence of symptoms in the early morning hours (early morning rebound), may be observed. If this occurs, treatment should be reviewed and dosage adjustment or discontinuation of treatment may be considered.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Symptoms suggestive of neuroleptic malignant syndrome have been reported with abrupt withdrawal of dopaminergic therapy. Therefore it is recommended to taper treatment (see section 4.2).

Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome

To discontinue treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease, ropinirole should be tapered off (see section 4.2). Non-motor adverse effects may occur when tapering or discontinuing dopamine agonists including ropinirole. Symptoms include apathy, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sweating and pain which may be severe. Patients should be informed about this before tapering the dopamine agonist and monitored regularly thereafter. In case of persistent symptoms, it may be necessary to increase the ropinirole dose temporarily (see section 4.8).

Hallucinations

Hallucinations are known as a side effect of treatment with dopamine agonists and levodopa. Patients should be informed that hallucinations can occur.

Excipients

This medicinal product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, total lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.

This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per tablet, that is to say essentially "sodium free".

There is no pharmacokinetic interaction between ropinirole and levodopa or domperidone that would necessitate dosage adjustment of either medicinal product. Domperidone antagonises the dopaminergic actions of ropinirole peripherally and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Hence its value as an anti-emetic in patients treated with centrally acting dopamine agonists.

Neuroleptics and other centrally active dopamine antagonists, such as sulpiride or metoclopramide, may diminish the effectiveness of ropinirole and therefore, concomitant use of these medicinal products should be avoided.

Elevated ropinirole plasma levels have been observed in patients receiving high-dose oestrogen. In patients already receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT), ropinirole treatment may be initiated in the normal manner. However, if HRT is stopped or introduced during ropinirole therapy, adjustment of the ropinirole dose may be required, depending on the response to treatment.

Ropinirole is mainly metabolised by the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP1A2. One pharmacokinetic study on parkinsonian patients (who were given a 2 mg ropinirole dose three times a day) revealed that, following concomitant administration of ciprofloxacin, Cmax and AUC values for ropinirole increased by 60% and 84% respectively. There is hence a potential risk of adverse effects. Therefore, in patients already receiving ropinirole, the ropinirole dose may have to be reduced, if active substances that inhibit CYP1A2 (such as ciprofloxacin, enoxacin or fluvoxamine) are concomitantly administered. This also applies when such medicinal products are being withdrawn.

A pharmacokinetic study on Parkinson patients – which set out to investigate interactions between ropinirole (at a dose of 2 mg three times a day) and theophylline (a CYP1A2 substrate) – revealed no change in the pharmacokinetics of either ropinirole or theophylline.

Based on in-vitro data, ropinirole has little potential to inhibit cytochrome P450 at therapeutic doses. Hence, ropinirole is unlikely to affect the pharmacokinetics of other medicinal products, via a cytochrome P450 mechanism.

Smoking is known to induce CYP1A2 metabolism, therefore if patients stop or start smoking during treatment with ropinirole, dose adjustment may be required.

In patients receiving the combination of vitamin K antagonists and ropinirole, cases of unbalanced INR have been reported. Increased clinical and biological surveillance (INR) is warranted.

Pregnancy

There are no adequate data from the use of ropinirole in pregnant women. Ropinirole concentrations may gradually increase during pregnancy (see section 5.2).

Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). As the potential risk for humans is unknown, it is recommended that ropinirole is not used during pregnancy unless the potential benefit to the patient outweighs the potential risk to the foetus.

Breast-feeding

Ropinirole-related material was shown to transfer into the milk of lactating rats. It is unknown whether ropinirole and its metabolites are excreted in human milk. A risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded. Ropinirole should not be used in nursing mothers as it may inhibit lactation.

Fertility

There are no data on the effects of ropinirole on human fertility. In female fertility studies in rats, effects were seen on implantation but no effects were seen on male fertility (see section 5.3).

Patients being treated with ropinirole and presenting with hallucinations, somnolence and/or sudden sleep episodes must be informed to refrain from driving or engaging in activities where impaired alertness may put themselves or others at risk of serious injury or death (e.g. operating machines) until such recurrent episodes and somnolence have resolved (see section 4.4).

Impulse control disorders

Pathological gambling, increased libido, hypersexuality compulsive spending or buying, binge eating and compulsive eating can occur in patients treated with dopamine agonists including ropinirole (see section 4.4).

Undesirable effects are listed below by system organ class and frequency. Frequencies are defined as; very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10); uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100); rare (≥ 1/10,000 to< 1/1,000); very rare (< 1/10,000), not known: frequency cannot be estimated from the available data.

Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.

Use of ropinirole in Restless Legs Syndrome

In Restless Legs Syndrome clinical trials the most common adverse drug reaction was nausea (approximately 30% of patients). Undesirable effects were normally mild to moderate and experienced at the start of therapy or on increase of dose and few patients withdrew from the clinical studies due to undesirable effects.

Table 2 lists the adverse drug reactions reported for ropinirole in the 12-week clinical trials at ≥1.0% above the placebo rate or those reported uncommonly but known to be associated with ropinirole.

Table 2 Adverse drug reactions reported in 12-week Restless Legs Syndrome clinical trials (ropinirole n=309, placebo n=307)

Psychiatric disorders

Common

Nervousness

Uncommon

Confusion

Not known

Dopamine dysregulation syndrome

Nervous system disorders

Common

Syncope, somnolence, dizziness (including vertigo)

Vascular disorders

Uncommon

Postural hypotension, hypotension

Gastrointestinal disorders

Very common

Vomiting, nausea

Common

Abdominal pain

General disorders and administration site conditions

Common

Fatigue

Table 3 Adverse drug reactions reported in other Restless Legs Syndrome clinical trials

Psychiatric disorders

Uncommon

Hallucinations

Not known

Dopamine dysregulation syndrome

Nervous system disorders

Common

Augmentation, Early morning rebound (see section 4.4)

Management of undesirable effects

Dose reduction should be considered if patients experience significant undesirable effects. If the undesirable effect abates, gradual up-titration can be re-instituted. Anti-nausea medicinal products that are not centrally active dopamine antagonists, such as domperidone, may be used, if required.

Hallucinations were reported uncommonly in the open label long-term studies.

Paradoxical worsening of Restless Legs Syndrome symptoms occurring with earlier onset (augmentation), and reoccurrence of symptoms in the early morning hours (early morning rebound), may be observed during treatment with ropinirole.

Use of ropinirole in Parkinson's disease

Ropinirole is also indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Undesirable effects reported are listed below by system organ class and frequency. It is noted if these undesirable effects were reported in clinical trials as monotherapy or adjunct therapy to levodopa.

Frequencies are defined as: very common (≥1/10); common ≥1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).

Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.

In monotherapy studies

In adjunct therapy studies

Immune system disorders

Not known

Hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria, angioedema, rash, pruritus

Psychiatric disorders

Common

Hallucinations

Confusion

Uncommon

Psychotic reactions (other than hallucinations) including delirium, delusion, paranoia.

Not known

Aggression*

Impulse control disorders including pathological gambling and hypersexuality, and increased libido, compulsive spending or buying, binge eating and compulsive eating can occur in patients treated with dopamine agonists including ropinirole (see section 4.4).

Dopamine dysregulation syndrome

Nervous system disorders

Very common

Somnolence

Syncope

Dyskinesia

In patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, dyskinesias can occur during the initial titration of ropinirole. In clinical trials it was shown that a reduction of the levodopa dose may ameliorate dyskinesia (see section 4.2)

Common

Dizziness (including vertigo)

Uncommon

Excessive daytime somnolence, sudden onset of sleep

Ropinirole is associated with somnolence and has been associated uncommonly with excessive daytime somnolence and sudden sleep onset episodes.

Vascular disorders

Uncommon

Hypotension, postural hypotension

Hypotension or postural hypotension is rarely severe

Gastrointestinal disorders

Very common

Nausea

Common

Heartburn

Vomiting, abdominal pain

Hepatobiliary disorders

Not known

Hepatic reactions, mainly increased liver enzymes

General disorders and administration site conditions

Common

Oedema peripheral (including leg oedema)

Not known

Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome including apathy, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sweating and pain

*Aggression has been associated with psychotic reactions as well as compulsive symptoms.

Post-marketing reports

Hypersensitivity reactions (including urticaria, angioedema, rash, pruritus).

Psychotic reactions (other than hallucinations) including delirium, delusion, paranoia have been reported.

Ropinirole is associated with somnolence and has been associated very rarely with excessive daytime somnolence and sudden sleep onset episodes.

Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome

Non-motor adverse effects may occur when tapering or discontinuing dopamine agonists including ropinirole (see section 4.4).

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.

The symptoms of ropinirole overdose are related to its dopaminergic activity.

These symptoms can be alleviated by appropriate treatment with dopamine antagonists, such as neuroleptics or metoclopramide.

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Dopaminergic agents, dopamine agonists. ATC code: N04BC04.

Mechanism of action

Ropinirole is a non-ergoline D2/D3 dopamine agonist which stimulates striatal dopamine receptors.

Ropinirole alleviates the symptoms of dopamine deficiency, which characterises Parkinson's disease, by stimulating striatal dopamine receptors.

Due to its action in the hypothalamus and pituitary, ropinirole inhibits prolactin secretion.

Clinical efficacy

Restless Legs Syndrome

Ropinirole should only be prescribed to patients with moderate to severe idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome. Moderate to severe idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome is typically represented by patients who suffer with insomnia or severe discomfort in the limbs.

In the four 12week efficacy studies, patients with Restless Legs Syndrome were randomised to ropinirole or placebo, and the effects on the IRLS scale scores at week 12 were compared to baseline. The mean dose of ropinirole for the moderate to severe patients was 2.0 mg/day. In a combined analysis of moderate to severe Restless Legs Syndrome patients from the four 12week studies, the adjusted treatment difference for the change from baseline in IRLS scale total score at week 12 Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) Intention To Treat population was -4.0 points (95% CI -5.6, -2.4, p<0.0001; baseline and week 12 LOCF mean IRLS points: ropinirole 28.4 and 13.5; placebo 28.2 and 17.4).

A 12-week placebo-controlled polysomnography study in Restless Legs Syndrome patients examined the effect of treatment with ropinirole on periodic leg movements of sleep. A statistically significant difference in the periodic leg movements of sleep was seen between ropinirole and placebo from baseline to week 12.

A combined analysis of data from moderate to severe Restless Legs Syndrome patients, in the four 12week placebocontrolled studies, indicated that ropinirole-treated patients reported significant improvements over placebo on the parameters of the Medical Outcome Study Sleep Scale (scores on 0100 range except sleep quantity). The adjusted treatment differences between ropinirole and placebo were: sleep disturbance (15.2, 95% CI -19.37, -10.94; p<0.0001), sleep quantity (0.7 hours, 95% CI 0.49, 0.94); p<0.0001), sleep adequacy (18.6, 95% CI 13.77, 23.45; p<0.0001) and daytime somnolence (-7.5, 95% CI -10.86, -4.23; p<0.0001).

Long term efficacy was evaluated in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 26 weeks. Overall results were difficult to interpret due to significant centre treatment interaction and the high proportion of missing data. No maintenance of efficacy at 26 weeks compared to placebo could be shown.

In clinical studies most patients were of Caucasian origin.

Study of the effect of ropinirole on cardiac repolarisation

A thorough QT study conducted in male and female healthy volunteers who received doses of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg of ropinirole film-coated (immediate release) tablets once daily showed a maximum increase of the QT interval duration at the 1 mg dose of 3.46 milliseconds (point estimate) as compared to placebo. The upper bound of the one sided 95% confidence interval for the largest mean effect was less than 7.5 milliseconds. The effect of ropinirole at higher doses has not been systematically evaluated.

The available clinical data from a thorough QT study do not indicate a risk of QT prolongation at doses of ropinirole up to 4mg/day. A risk of QT prolongation cannot be excluded as a thorough QT study at doses up to 24 mg/day has not been conducted.

Absorption

Oral absorption of ropinirole is rapid. Bioavailability of ropinirole is approximately 50 % (36 to 57 %) and average peak concentrations of ropinirole are achieved at a median time of 1.5 hours post-dose. A high fat meal decreases the rate of absorption or ropinirole, as shown by a delay in median Tmax by 2.6 hours and an average 25% decrease in Cmax.

Distribution

The binding of ropinirole to plasma proteins is low (10 – 40 %).

Consistent with its high lipophilicity, ropinirole exhibits a large volume of distribution (approx. 7 l/kg).

Biotransformation

Ropinirole is primarily cleared by the cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP1A2, and its metabolites are mainly excreted in the urine. The major metabolite is at least 100 times less potent than ropinirole in animal models of dopaminergic function.

Elimination

Ropinirole is cleared from the systemic circulation with an average elimination half-life of approximately 6 hours. The increase in systemic exposure (Cmax and AUC) to ropinirole is approximately proportional over the therapeutic dose range. No change in the oral clearance of ropinirole is observed following single and repeated oral administration. Wide inter-individual variability in the pharmacokinetic parameters has been observed.

Linearity

The pharmacokinetics of ropinirole are linear overall (Cmax and AUC) in the therapeutic range between 0.25 mg and 4 mg, after a single dose and after repeated dosing.

Population-related characteristics

Oral clearance of ropinirole is reduced by approximately 15% in elderly patients (65 years or above) compared to younger patients. Dosage adjustment is not necessary in the elderly.

Renal Impairment

In patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance between 30 and 50 ml/min), no change in the pharmacokinetics of ropinirole is observed.

In patients with end stage renal disease receiving regular haemodialysis, oral clearance of ropinirole is reduced by approximately 30%. Oral clearance of the metabolites SKF-104557 and SKF-89124 were also reduced by approximately 80% and 60%, respectively. Therefore, the recommended maximum dose is limited to 3 mg/day in patients with RLS and 18 mg/day in patients with Parkinson's disease (see section 4.2).

Paediatric population

Limited pharmacokinetic data obtained in adolescents (12-17 years, n=9) showed that the systemic exposure following single doses of 0.125 mg and 0.25 mg was similar to that observed in adults (see also section 4.2; subparagraph “Children and adolescents”).

Pregnancy

Physiological changes in pregnancy (including decreased CYP1A2 activity) are predicted to gradually lead to an increased maternal systemic exposure of ropinirole (see also section 4.6).

Reproductive Toxicity

In fertility studies in female rats, effects were seen on implantation due to the prolactin-lowering effect of ropinirole. It should be noted that prolactin is not essential for implantation in humans.

Administration of ropinirole to pregnant rats at maternally toxic doses resulted in decreased foetal body weight at 60 mg/kg/day (mean AUC in rats approximately twice the highest AUC at the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD)), increased foetal death at 90 mg/kg/day (approximately 3 times the highest AUC at the MRHD) and digit malformations at 150 mg/kg/day (approximately 5 times the highest AUC at the MRHD). There were no teratogenic effects in the rat at 120 mg/kg/day (approximately 4 times the highest AUC at the MRHD) and no indication of an effect during organogenesis in the rabbit when given alone at 20 mg/kg (9.5 times the mean human Cmax at the MRHD). However, ropinirole at 10 mg/kg (4.8 times the mean human Cmax at the MRHD) administered to rabbits in combination with oral L-dopa produced a higher incidence and severity of digit malformations than L-dopa alone.

Toxicology

The toxicology profile is principally determined by the pharmacological activity of ropinirole: behavioural changes, hypoprolactinaemia, decrease in blood pressure and heart rate, ptosis and salivation. In the albino rat only, retinal degeneration was observed in a long term study at the highest dose (50 mg/kg/day), and was probably associated with an increased exposure to light.

Genotoxicity

Genotoxicity was not observed in the usual battery of in vitro and in vivo tests.

Carcinogenicity

From two-year studies conducted in the mouse and rat at dosages up to 50 mg/kg/day there was no evidence of any carcinogenic effect in the mouse. In the rat, the only ropinirole-related lesions were Leydig cell hyperplasia and testicular adenoma resulting from the hypoprolactinaemic effect of ropinirole. These lesions are considered to be a species-specific phenomenon and do not constitute a hazard with regard to the clinical use of ropinirole.

Safety Pharmacology

In vitro studies have shown that ropinirole inhibits hERG-mediated currents. The IC50 is 5-fold higher than the expected maximum plasma concentration in patients treated at the highest recommended dose (24 mg/day) (see section 5.1).

Tablet core:

Cellulose, microcrystalline

Lactose monohydrate

Croscarmellose Sodium

Hypromellose

Magnesium stearate

Film coat:

Hypromellose

Macrogol

Iron oxide yellow (E172)

Titanium dioxide (E171)

Indigo carmine (E132)

Not applicable.

3 Years

This medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions.

HDPE multidose container with child resistant closure (PP)

Silica gel canister

21, 28, 84 and 126 film-coated tablets

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

No special requirements for disposal.

Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

Generics [UK] Ltd t/a Mylan

Station Close

Potters Bar

Hertfordshire

EN6 1TL

United Kingdom

PL 04569/0814

05/10/2012

14/10/2019