Renal cell cancer (RCC) is the tenth most common malignancy in adults. In recent years, several approaches of active and passive immunotherapy have been studied extensively in clinical trials of patients with RCC.
The European Association of Urology (EAU) Renal Cell Cancer (RCC) Guidelines Panel has compiled these clinical guidelines to provide urologists with evidence-based information and recommendations for the management of RCC.
Immunotherapy has been used in localized urothelial carcinoma for decades, especially in the treatment of superficial disease, in which instillation of BCG is a commonly used treatment option.
Areas covered: This article provides an overview of the evolution of immunotherapy for NMIBC, beginning from the original immunotherapy-BCG - to current agents including checkpoint inhibitors, IL-15 agonists, viral gene therapies and therapeutic cancer vaccines.
Immunotherapy has emerged and demonstrated to show benefit in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. In this review, we discuss the pivotal trials that led to the US FDA approval of specific immunotherapy regimens in particular patient populations.
These updated ESMO guidelines cover incidence and epidemiology, diagnosis and pathology/molecular biology, staging and risk assessment, management of local and metastatic disease, response evaluation and follow-up, long-term implications and survivorship.
The treatment of bladder cancer has evolved over time to encompass not only the traditional modalities of chemotherapy and surgery, but has been particularly impacted by the use of immunotherapy.
Objective: Breast cancer and breast cancer-directed radiation therapy (RT) may increase the risk of late effects, such as hypothyroidism. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between breast cancer, RT, and risk of hypothyroidism in breast cancer survivors.
Hence, this review focuses on the application of pharmacometabolomic approaches to identify the metabolic responses to hormone therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy for the most prevalent urological cancers.
This review considers the evolution of BCG immunotherapy for NMIBC: from the discovery of the antitumour side effects of tuberculosis and subsequently the BCG vaccine, to recent advances in novel immunotherapeutic agents.