In this report, we have reviewed the critical roles of microbiosis in the pathogenesis of AD, summarized potential mechanisms mediated by microbiosis and aimed to enlighten a theoretical basis for its therapeutic applications in the treatment of AD.
Areas covered: This review examines the current literature in respect to several different monoclonal antibodies that are being studied toward a personalized approach in the treatment of AD.
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly pruritic chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Ruxolitinib, a selective inhibitor of Janus kinase 1 and Janus kinase 2, potently suppresses cytokine signaling involved in AD pathogenesis.
Chronic urticaria is defined as the presence of urticaria (hives) for at least 6 weeks with the assumption that it occurs daily or close to it. If we eliminate physical urticarias and urticarial vasculitis...
Areas covered: This review summarizes the literature on the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy and safety of dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the α-subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4Rα) leading to the inhibition of both the IL-4 and IL-13 pathways.
Basophils are blood leukocytes constituting less than 1% of leukocytes. They share morphological and functional similarities with mast cells, but recent studies indicate that basophils play non-...
Various studies have focused on psycho-immunology, emphasizing the involvement of stress, defined as a general response of the body to external or internal challenges to the AD pathology. Factors like lifestyle and leisure activities may change the behavior of immune cells in AD with a strong impact on the evolution of the disease.
With a growing movement toward use of targeted therapies, parallel to psoriasis, JAK inhibitors are an important focus of therapeutic research for AD.
Areas covered: The authors review crisaborole in the management of AD based on Phase II, Phase III, and post-marketing studies. Pharmacologic properties such as chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and metabolism are discussed.
This article aims to give an updated review of IgE-mediated food allergies in pediatric populations in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and management.