Summary of product characteristics
Adverse Reactions
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following serious or otherwise important adverse reactions are discussed in elsewhere in the labeling: • Ectopic Pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] • Intrauterine Pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] • Group A Streptococcal Sepsis (GAS) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] • Perforation [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] • Expulsion [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] • Ovarian Cysts [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] • Bleeding Pattern Alterations [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] The most common adverse reactions (≥10% users) are alterations of menstrual bleeding patterns, abdominal/pelvic pain, amenorrhea, headache/migraine, genital discharge, and vulvovaginitis. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-888-842-2937 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. The data provided in Table 2 reflect the experience with the use of Mirena in the adequate and well-controlled studies as well as in the supportive and uncontrolled studies for contraception and heavy menstrual bleeding (n=5,091). The data cover more than 12,101 women-years of exposure up to 5 years of use, mainly in the contraception studies (11,761 women-years). The frequencies of reported adverse drug reactions represent crude incidences. The most common adverse reactions (≥10% users) are alterations of menstrual bleeding patterns [including unscheduled uterine bleeding (31.9%), decreased uterine bleeding (23.4%), increased scheduled uterine bleeding (11.9%), and female genital tract bleeding (3.5%)], abdominal/pelvic pain (22.6%), amenorrhea (18.4%), headache/migraine (16.3%), genital discharge (14.9%), and vulvovaginitis (10.5%). Adverse reactions reported in ≥ 5% of users are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Adverse Reactions ≥ 5% Reported in Clinical Trials with Mirena System Organ Class Adverse Reactions % (N= 5,091) Reproductive system and breast disorders alteration of menstrual bleeding pattern, including: unscheduled uterine bleeding decreased uterine bleeding increased scheduled uterine bleeding female genital tract bleeding 31.9 23.4 11.9 3.5 amenorrhea 18.4 genital discharge 14.9 vulvovaginitis 10.5 breast pain 8.5 benign ovarian cyst and associated complications 7.5 dysmenorrhea 6.4 Gastrointestinal disorders abdominal/pelvic pain 22.6 Nervous system disorders headache/migraine 16.3 Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders back pain 7.9 Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders acne 6.8 Psychiatric disorders depression/depressive mood 6.4 Other adverse reactions occurring in <5% of subjects include alopecia, (partial and complete) device expulsion, hirsutism, nausea, and PID/endometritis. A separate study with 362 women who have used Mirena for more than 5 years showed a consistent adverse reaction profile in Years 6 through 8 as shown in Table 2. By the end of Year 8 of use, amenorrhea and infrequent bleeding are experienced by 34% and 26% of users, respectively; irregular bleeding occurs in 10%, frequent bleeding in 3%, and prolonged bleeding in 3% of users. In this study, 9% of women reported the adverse event of weight gain; it is unknown if the weight gain was caused by Mirena. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience Adverse Reactions from Postmarketing Spontaneous Reports The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of Mirena. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. • Arterial thrombotic and venous thromboembolic events, including cases of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis and stroke • Device breakage • Hypersensitivity (including rash, urticaria and angioedema) • Increased blood pressure Reported Adverse Reactions from Postmarketing Studies Assessment of Perforation and Expulsion of Intrauterine Devices (APEX IUD) Study APEX IUD was a large US retrospective cohort study to assess the impact of breastfeeding and timing of postpartum IUD insertion on uterine perforation and IUD expulsion. The analyses included a total of 326,658 insertions, 30% (97,824 insertions) of which were performed in women with a delivery in the previous 12 months. For insertions performed in women who had delivered ≤ 52 weeks before IUD insertion, the majority of postpartum insertions, 57.3% (56,047 insertions) occurred between 6 and 14 weeks postpartum. Breastfeeding data were available in 94,817 insertions performed in women 52 weeks or less after delivery. The study results indicated that the risk of uterine perforation was highest in women with IUD insertion ≤ 6 weeks postpartum. Immediate postpartum insertion (0–3 days) findings are limited due to the relatively small number of insertions occurring within this time interval. Women who were breastfeeding at the time of insertion were at 33% higher risk of perforation (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]=1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.64) compared to women who were not breastfeeding at the time of insertion. Progressively lower risk of uterine perforation was observed in postpartum time windows beyond 6 weeks, in both breastfeeding and not breastfeeding women. Table 3 presents the uterine perforation rates for LNG IUS stratified by breastfeeding status and postpartum interval. Table 3: Uterine Perforation1 rates for LNG IUS, by Breastfeeding Status and Postpartum Interval Breastfeeding at time of insertion Not breastfeeding at time of insertion Postpartum interval at time of insertion Number of events/ insertions Uterine perforation rate per 1,000 insertions Number of events/ insertions Uterine perforation rate per 1,000 insertions 0 to 3 days 8/1,896 4.22 0/277 0.00 4 days to ≤ 6 weeks 120/10,735 11.18 28/2,377 11.78 > 6 to ≤ 14 weeks 268/29,677 9.03 80/12,011 6.66 > 14 to ≤ 52 weeks 43/6,139 7.00 22/9,089 2.42 > 52 weeks or no delivery no data available 243/184,733 1.32 Risk of expulsion was variable over the postpartum intervals through 52 weeks. Women who were breastfeeding were at 28% lower risk of IUD expulsion (adjusted HR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.64-0.80) compared to women who were not breastfeeding at time of insertion. Table 4 presents the IUD expulsion rates for LNG IUS stratified by breastfeeding status and postpartum interval. Table 4: Expulsion1 Rates for LNG IUS, by Breastfeeding Status and Postpartum Interval Breastfeeding at time of insertion Not breastfeeding at time of insertion Postpartum interval at time of insertion Number of events/ insertions Expulsion rate per 1,000 insertions Number of events/ insertions Expulsion rate per 1,000 insertions 0 to 3 days 187/1,896 98.63 12/277 43.32 4 days to ≤ 6 weeks 185/10,735 17.23 52/2,377 21.88 > 6 to ≤ 14 weeks 421/29,677 14.19 306/12,011 25.48 > 14 to ≤ 52 weeks 120/6,139 19.55 273/9,089 30.04 > 52 weeks or no delivery no data available 5,481/184,733 29.67 1 Expulsion includes both complete and partial expulsion
Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS The use of Mirena is contraindicated when one or more of the following conditions exist: • Pregnancy or suspicion of pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] • For use as post-coital contraception (emergency contraception) • Congenital or acquired uterine anomaly including fibroids, that distorts the uterine cavity • Acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or a history of PID unless there has been a subsequent intrauterine pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] • Postpartum endometritis or infected abortion in the past 3 months • Known or suspected uterine or cervical malignancy • Known or suspected breast cancer or other progestin-sensitive cancer, now or in the past • Uterine bleeding of unknown etiology • Untreated acute cervicitis or vaginitis, including bacterial vaginosis or other lower genital tract infections until infection is controlled • Acute liver disease or liver tumor (benign or malignant) • Conditions associated with increased susceptibility to pelvic infections [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] • A previously inserted intrauterine device (IUD) that has not been removed • Hypersensitivity to any component of this product [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 ) and Description ( 11.1 )] • Pregnancy or suspicion of pregnancy. Cannot be used for post-coital contraception (emergency contraception) ( 4 ). • Congenital or acquired uterine anomaly if it distorts the uterine cavity ( 4 ) • Acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or a history of PID unless there has been a subsequent intrauterine pregnancy ( 4 ) • Postpartum endometritis or infected abortion in the past 3 months ( 4 ) • Known or suspected uterine or cervical malignancy ( 4 ) • Known or suspected breast cancer or other progestin-sensitive cancer ( 4 ) • Uterine bleeding of unknown etiology ( 4 ) • Untreated acute cervicitis or vaginitis or other lower genital tract infections ( 4 ) • Acute liver disease or liver tumor (benign or malignant) ( 4 ) • Increased susceptibility to pelvic infection ( 4 ) • A previous intrauterine device (IUD) that has not been removed ( 4 ) • Hypersensitivity to any component of Mirena ( 4 )
Description
11 DESCRIPTION Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system) contains 52 mg of LNG, a progestin, and is intended to provide an initial release rate of LNG of approximately 21 mcg/day after 24 days. Levonorgestrel USP, (-)-13-Ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, the active ingredient in Mirena, has a molecular weight of 312.4, a molecular formula of C 21 H 28 O 2 , and the following structural formula: 11.1 Mirena Mirena consists of a T-shaped polyethylene frame (T-body) with a steroid reservoir (hormone elastomer core) around the vertical stem. The white T-body has a loop at one end of the vertical stem and two horizontal arms at the other end. The reservoir consists of a white or almost white cylinder, made of a mixture of LNG and silicone (polydimethylsiloxane), containing a total of 52 mg LNG. The reservoir is covered by a semi-opaque silicone membrane, composed of polydimethylsiloxane and colloidal silica. The T-body is 32 mm in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The polyethylene of the T-body is compounded with barium sulfate, which makes it radiopaque. A monofilament brown polyethylene removal thread is attached to a loop at the end of the vertical stem of the T-body. The polyethylene of the removal thread contains iron oxide as a colorant (see Figure 10 ). The components of Mirena, including its packaging, are not manufactured using natural rubber latex. Figure 10: Mirena Mirena IUD 11.2 Inserter Mirena is packaged sterile within an inserter. The inserter (Figure 11), which is used for insertion of Mirena into the uterine cavity, consists of a symmetric two-sided body and slider that are integrated with flange, lock, pre-bent insertion tube and plunger. The outer diameter of the insertion tube is 4.4 mm. The vertical stem of Mirena is loaded in the insertion tube at the tip of the inserter. The arms are pre-aligned in the horizontal position. The removal threads are contained within the insertion tube and handle. Once Mirena has been placed, the inserter is discarded. Figure 11: Diagram of Inserter Mirena Inserter Chemical Structure
Dosage And Administration
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • Release rate of levonorgestrel (LNG) is 21 mcg/day after 24 days; this rate is reduced to about 11 mcg/day after 5 years and 7 mcg/day after 8 years. ( 2.1 ) • To be inserted by a trained healthcare provider using strict aseptic technique. Follow insertion instructions exactly as described. ( 2.2 ) • Patient should be re-examined and evaluated 4 to 6 weeks after insertion; then, yearly or more often if clinically indicated. ( 2.3 ) 2.1 Dosing Over Time Mirena contains 52 mg of levonorgestrel (LNG) released in vivo, at a rate of approximately 21 mcg/day after 24 days. This rate decreases progressively to approximately 11 mcg/day after 5 years and 7 mcg/day after 8 years. For contraception, remove Mirena by the end of the eighth year and replace at the time of removal with a new Mirena if continued use is desired. For treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding, replace Mirena by the end of the fifth year if continued use is needed because data on use in this indication beyond 5 years are limited. Mirena is supplied in a sterile package within an inserter that enables single-handed loading (see Figure 1). Do not open the package until required for insertion [see Description ( 11.2 )]. Do not use if the seal of the sterile package is broken or appears compromised. Use strict aseptic techniques throughout the insertion procedure [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Mirena and Inserter 2.2 Insertion Instructions • Obtain a complete medical and social history to determine conditions that might influence the selection of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS) for contraception . If indicated, perform a physical examination, and appropriate tests for any forms of genital or other sexually transmitted infections. [See Contraindications ( 4 ) and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 ).] Because irregular bleeding/spotting is common during the first months of Mirena use, exclude endometrial pathology (polyps or cancer) prior to the insertion of Mirena in women with persistent or uncharacteristic bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )]. • Follow the insertion instructions exactly as described to ensure proper placement and avoid premature release of Mirena from the inserter. Once released, Mirena cannot be re-loaded . • Check expiration date of Mirena prior to initiating insertion. • Mirena should be inserted by a trained healthcare provider. Healthcare providers should become thoroughly familiar with the insertion instructions before attempting insertion of Mirena. • Insertion may be associated with some pain and/or bleeding or vasovagal reactions (for example, syncope, bradycardia), or with seizure, especially in patients with a predisposition to these conditions. Consider administering analgesics prior to insertion. Timing of Insertion Table 1: When to Insert Mirena Starting Mirena in women not currently using hormonal or intrauterine contraception • Insert Mirena any time there is reasonable certainty that the woman is not pregnant. Consider the possibility of ovulation and conception prior to initiation of this product [see Contraindications (4)]. • If Mirena is inserted during the first seven days of the menstrual cycle or immediately after a first trimester abortion, back-up contraception is not needed. • If Mirena is not inserted during the first seven days of the menstrual cycle, a barrier method of contraception should be used, or the patient should abstain from vaginal intercourse for seven days to prevent pregnancy. Switching to Mirena from an oral, transdermal, or vaginal hormonal contraceptive • Insert Mirena at any time, including during the hormone-free interval of the previous method. • If inserted during active use of the previous method, continue that method for 7 days after Mirena insertion or until the end of the current treatment cycle. • If the woman was using continuous hormonal contraception, discontinue that method seven days after Mirena insertion. Switching to Mirena from an injectable progestin contraceptive • Insert Mirena at any time; a non-hormonal back-up birth control (such as condoms or spermicide) should also be used for 7 days if Mirena is inserted more than 3 months (13 weeks) after the last injection. Switching to Mirena from a contraceptive implant or another IUS • Insert Mirena on the same day the implant or IUS is removed. • Insert Mirena at any time during the menstrual cycle. Inserting Mirena after first-trimester abortion or miscarriage • Insert Mirena immediately after a first-trimester abortion or miscarriage, unless it is a septic abortion [see Contraindications ( 4 )]. Inserting Mirena after childbirth or second-trimester abortion or miscarriage • Immediate insertion after childbirth or second-trimester abortion or miscarriage • Insert Mirena after removal of the placenta. Back-up contraception is not needed. [See Contraindications ( 4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 , 5.6 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )]. Interval insertion following complete involution of the uterus • Wait a minimum of 6 weeks or until the uterus is fully involuted before inserting Mirena [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 , 5.6 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )]. • Insert Mirena any time there is reasonable certainty the woman is not pregnant. • If Mirena is not inserted during the first 7 days of the menstrual cycle, a back-up method of contraception should be used, or the woman should abstain from vaginal intercourse for 7 days to prevent pregnancy [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Tools for Insertion Note: The inserter provided with Mirena (see Figure 1) and the Insertion Procedure described in this section are not applicable for immediate insertion after childbirth or second-trimester abortion or miscarriage. For immediate insertion, remove Mirena from the inserter by first loading (see Figure 2) and then releasing (see Figure 7) Mirena from the inserter, and insert according to accepted practice. Preparation • Gloves • Speculum • Sterile uterine sound • Sterile tenaculum • Antiseptic solution, applicator Procedure • Sterile gloves • Mirena with inserter in sealed package • Instruments and anesthesia for paracervical block, if anticipated • Consider having an unopened back-up Mirena available • Sterile, sharp curved scissors Preparation for insertion • Exclude pregnancy and confirm that there are no other contraindications to the use of Mirena. • With the patient comfortably in lithotomy position, do a bimanual exam to establish the size, shape and position of the uterus. • Gently insert a speculum to visualize the cervix. • Thoroughly cleanse the cervix and vagina with a suitable antiseptic solution. • Prepare to sound the uterine cavity. Grasp the upper lip of the cervix with a tenaculum forceps and gently apply traction to stabilize and align the cervical canal with the uterine cavity. Perform a paracervical block if needed. If the uterus is retroverted, it may be more appropriate to grasp the lower lip of the cervix. The tenaculum should remain in position and gentle traction on the cervix should be maintained throughout the insertion procedure. • Gently insert a uterine sound to check the patency of the cervix, measure the depth of the uterine cavity in centimeters, confirm cavity direction, and detect the presence of any uterine anomaly. If you encounter difficulty or cervical stenosis, use dilatation, and not force, to overcome resistance. If cervical dilatation is required, consider using a paracervical block. • The uterus should sound to a depth of 6 to 10 cm. Insertion of Mirena into a uterine cavity less than 6 cm by sounding may increase the incidence of expulsion, bleeding, pain, perforation, and possibly pregnancy. Insertion Procedure Proceed with insertion only after completing the above steps and ascertaining that the patient is appropriate for Mirena. Ensure use of aseptic technique throughout the entire procedure . Step 1–Opening of the package • Open the package (Figure 1). The contents of the package are sterile. Figure 1: Opening the Mirena Package • Using sterile gloves lift the handle of the sterile inserter and remove from the sterile package. Figure 1 Step 2–Load Mirena into the insertion tube • Push the slider forward as far as possible in the direction of the arrow thereby moving the insertion tube over the Mirena T-body to load Mirena into the insertion tube (Figure 2). The tips of the arms will meet to form a rounded end that extends slightly beyond the insertion tube. Figure 2: Move slider all the way to the forward position to load Mirena • Maintain forward pressure with your thumb or forefinger on the slider. DO NOT move the slider downward at this time as this may prematurely release the threads of Mirena. Once the slider is moved below the mark, Mirena cannot be re-loaded. Fig 2 Step 3–Setting the Flange • Holding the slider in this forward position, set the upper edge of the flange to correspond to the uterine depth (in centimeters) measured during sounding (Figure 3). Figure 3: Setting the flange Fig 3 Step 4–Mirena is now ready to be inserted • Continue holding the slider in this forward position. Advance the inserter through the cervix until the flange is approximately 1.5–2 cm from the cervix and then pause (Figure 4). Figure 4: Advancing insertion tube until flange is 1.5 to 2 cm from the cervix Do not force the inserter. If necessary, dilate the cervical canal. Advamcing insertion tube Step 5–Open the arms While holding the inserter steady, move the slider down to the mark to release the arms of Mirena (Figure 5). Wait 10 seconds for the horizontal arms to open completely. Figure 5: Move the slider back to the mark to release and open the arms Fig 5 Step 6–Advance to fundal position • Advance the inserter gently towards the fundus of the uterus until the flange touches the cervix. If you encounter fundal resistance do not continue to advance. Mirena is now in the fundal position (Figure 6). Fundal positioning of Mirena is important to prevent expulsion. Figure 6: Move Mirena into the fundal position Fig 6 Step 7–Release Mirena and withdraw the inserter • Holding the entire inserter firmly in place, release Mirena by moving the slider all the way down (Figure 7). Figure 7: Move the slider all the way down to release Mirena from the insertion tube • Continue to hold the slider all the way down while you slowly and gently withdraw the inserter from the uterus. • Using a sharp, curved scissor, cut the threads perpendicular, leaving about 3 cm visible outside of the cervix [cutting threads at an angle may leave sharp ends (Figure 8)]. Do not apply tension or pull on the threads when cutting to prevent displacing Mirena. Figure 8: Cutting the threads Mirena insertion is now complete. Prescribe analgesics, if indicated. Record the Mirena lot number in the patient records. Fig 7 Fig 8 Important information to consider during or after insertion • If you suspect that Mirena is not in the correct position, check placement (for example, using transvaginal ultrasound). Remove Mirena if it is not positioned completely within the uterus. Do not reinsert a removed Mirena. • If there is clinical concern, exceptional pain or bleeding during or after insertion, take appropriate steps (such as physical examination and ultrasound) immediately to exclude perforation. 2.3 Patient Follow-up Reexamine and evaluate patients 4 to 6 weeks after insertion and once a year thereafter, or more frequently if clinically indicated. 2.4 Removal of Mirena Timing of Removal • For contraception, remove Mirena by the end of the eighth year and replace at the time of removal with a new Mirena if continued use is desired. Replace Mirena by the end of the fifth year if continued treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding is needed. • If pregnancy is not desired, remove Mirena during the first 7 days of the menstrual cycle, provided the woman is still experiencing regular menses. If removal will occur at other times during the cycle, or the woman does not experience regular menses, she is at risk of pregnancy; start a new contraceptive method a week prior to removal for these women. [See Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 ).] Tools for Removal Preparation • Gloves • Speculum Procedure • Sterile forceps Removal Procedure • Remove Mirena by applying gentle traction on the threads with forceps. (Figure 9). Figure 9: Removal of Mirena • If the threads are not visible, determine location of Mirena by ultrasound [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )] . • If Mirena is found to be in the uterine cavity on ultrasound exam, it may be removed using a narrow forceps, such as an alligator forceps. This may require dilation of the cervical canal. After removal of Mirena, examine the system to ensure that it is intact. The hormone cylinder may slide over and cover the horizontal arms, giving the appearance of missing arms. This situation generally does not require further intervention once the system is verified to be intact. • If unable to remove with gentle traction, determine Mirena location and exclude perforation by ultrasound or other imaging [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )]. • Removal may be associated with: o pain and/or bleeding, vasovagal reactions (for example, syncope, bradycardia) or seizure, especially in patients with a predisposition to these conditions. o breakage or embedment of Mirena in the myometrium that can make removal difficult [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] . Analgesia, paracervical anesthesia, cervical dilation, alligator forceps or other grasping instrument, or hysteroscopy may be used to assist in removal. fig 9 2.5 Continuation of Contraception after Removal • If pregnancy is not desired and if a woman wishes to continue using Mirena, a new system can be inserted immediately after removal any time during the cycle. • If a patient with regular cycles wants to start a different contraceptive method, time removal and initiation of the new method to ensure continuous contraception. Either remove Mirena during the first 7 days of the menstrual cycle and start the new method immediately thereafter or start the new method at least 7 days prior to removing Mirena if removal is to occur at other times during the cycle. • If a patient with irregular cycles or amenorrhea wants to start a different contraceptive method, start the new method at least 7 days before removal.
Indications And Usage
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Mirena is a progestin-containing intrauterine system (IUS) indicated for: • Prevention of pregnancy for up to 8 years ( 1.1 ) • Treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding for women who choose to use intrauterine contraception as their method of contraception for up to 5 years. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Contraception Mirena is indicated for prevention of pregnancy for up to 8 years; replace after the end of the eighth year. 1.2 Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Mirena is indicated for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding for up to 5 years in women who choose to use intrauterine contraception as their method of contraception; replace after the end of the fifth year if continued treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding is needed.
Adverse Reactions Table
System Organ Class | Adverse Reactions | % (N= 5,091) |
Reproductive system and breast disorders | alteration of menstrual bleeding pattern, including: unscheduled uterine bleeding decreased uterine bleeding increased scheduled uterine bleeding female genital tract bleeding | 31.9 23.4 11.9 3.5 |
amenorrhea | 18.4 | |
genital discharge | 14.9 | |
vulvovaginitis | 10.5 | |
breast pain | 8.5 | |
benign ovarian cyst and associated complications | 7.5 | |
dysmenorrhea | 6.4 | |
Gastrointestinal disorders | abdominal/pelvic pain | 22.6 |
Nervous system disorders | headache/migraine | 16.3 |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | back pain | 7.9 |
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | acne | 6.8 |
Psychiatric disorders | depression/depressive mood | 6.4 |
Drug Interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS No drug-drug interaction studies have been conducted with Mirena. Drugs or herbal products that induce or inhibit LNG metabolizing enzymes, including CYP3A4, may decrease or increase, respectively, the serum concentrations of LNG during the use of Mirena. However, the contraceptive effect of Mirena is mediated via the direct release of LNG into the uterine cavity and is unlikely to be affected by drug interactions via enzyme induction or inhibition.
Clinical Pharmacology
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action The local mechanism by which continuously released LNG contributes to the contraceptive effectiveness of Mirena has not been conclusively demonstrated. Studies of Mirena and similar LNG IUS prototypes have suggested several mechanisms that prevent pregnancy: thickening of cervical mucus preventing passage of sperm into the uterus, inhibition of sperm capacitation or survival, and alteration of the endometrium . 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Mirena has mainly local progestogenic effects in the uterine cavity. The local concentrations of LNG lead to morphological changes including stromal pseudodecidualization, glandular atrophy, a leukocytic infiltration and a decrease in glandular and stromal mitoses. Ovulation is inhibited in some women using Mirena. In a 1-year study, approximately 45% of menstrual cycles were ovulatory, and in another study after 4 years, 75% of cycles were ovulatory. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Low doses of LNG are administered into the uterine cavity with the Mirena intrauterine delivery system. Estimated in vivo release rates for different points in time are provided in Table 5. Table 5: Estimated in vivo release rates for Mirena: Time Estimated in vivo release rate [μg/day] (rounded) 24 days after insertion 21 60 days after insertion 21 1 year after insertion 19 3 years after insertion 14 5 years after insertion 11 6 years after insertion 9 7 years after insertion 8 8 years after insertion 7 Average over 1st year 20 Average over 3 years 18 Average over 5 years 15 Average over 8 years 13 After insertion of Mirena, LNG is detectable in serum/plasma after 1 hour. The maximum concentration is reached within 2 weeks after insertion and amounts to about 180 ng/L (CV 38%). In correspondence with the declining release rate, the geometric mean serum/plasma concentration of levonorgestrel declines continuously: Table 6: Estimated Total LNG Mean Plasma Concentrations Time after insertion Total LNG plasma concentrations [ng/L] (geometric CV%) 24 days 175 (37.6) 2 months 169 (37.1) 1 year 159 (37.4) 3 years 139 (37.8) 5 years 123 (38.2) 8 years 100 (39.9) Distribution LNG is bound non-specifically to serum albumin and specifically to the Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG.) Less than 2% of the circulating LNG is present as free steroid. Levonorgestrel binds with high affinity to SHBG. Accordingly, changes in the concentration of SHBG in serum result in an increase (at higher SHBG concentrations) or in a decrease (at lower SHBG concentrations) of the total levonorgestrel concentration in serum. The concentration of SHBG declined on average by about 20% during the two months after insertion of Mirena and remained stable during thereafter, increasing only slightly until the end of the 8 years of use. The apparent volume of distribution of LNG is reported to be approximately 1.8 L/kg. Elimination Following intravenous administration of 0.09 mg LNG to healthy volunteers, the total clearance of LNG is approximately 1 mL/min/kg and the elimination half-life is approximately 20 hours. Metabolic clearance rates may differ among individuals by several-fold, and this may account in part for wide individual variations in LNG concentrations seen in individuals using LNG–containing contraceptive products. Metabolism Following absorption, LNG is extensively metabolized. The most important metabolic pathways are the reduction of the Δ4-3-oxo group and hydroxylations at positions 2α, 1β and 16β, followed by conjugation. Significant amounts of conjugated and unconjugated 3α, 5β-tetra-hydrolevonorgestrel are also present in serum, along with much smaller amounts of 3α, 5α-tetrahydrolevonorgestrel and 16β-hydroxylevonorgestrel. CYP3A4 is the main enzyme involved in the oxidative metabolism of LNG. Excretion LNG and its phase I metabolites are excreted primarily as glucuronide conjugates. About 45% of LNG and its metabolites are excreted in the urine and about 32% are excreted in feces, mostly as glucuronide conjugates. Specific Populations Pediatric: Safety and efficacy of Mirena have been established in women of reproductive age. Use of this product before menarche is not indicated . Geriatric: Mirena has not been studied in women over age 65 and is not currently approved for use in this population . Race: No studies have evaluated the effect of race on the pharmacokinetics of Mirena. Hepatic Impairment: No studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of hepatic disease on the disposition of Mirena . Renal Impairment: No formal studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of renal disease on the disposition of Mirena. Drug-Drug Interactions No drug-drug interaction studies were conducted with Mirena [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] .
Clinical Pharmacology Table
Mechanism Of Action
12.1 Mechanism of Action The local mechanism by which continuously released LNG contributes to the contraceptive effectiveness of Mirena has not been conclusively demonstrated. Studies of Mirena and similar LNG IUS prototypes have suggested several mechanisms that prevent pregnancy: thickening of cervical mucus preventing passage of sperm into the uterus, inhibition of sperm capacitation or survival, and alteration of the endometrium .
Pharmacodynamics
12.2 Pharmacodynamics Mirena has mainly local progestogenic effects in the uterine cavity. The local concentrations of LNG lead to morphological changes including stromal pseudodecidualization, glandular atrophy, a leukocytic infiltration and a decrease in glandular and stromal mitoses. Ovulation is inhibited in some women using Mirena. In a 1-year study, approximately 45% of menstrual cycles were ovulatory, and in another study after 4 years, 75% of cycles were ovulatory.
Pharmacokinetics
12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Low doses of LNG are administered into the uterine cavity with the Mirena intrauterine delivery system. Estimated in vivo release rates for different points in time are provided in Table 5. Table 5: Estimated in vivo release rates for Mirena: Time Estimated in vivo release rate [μg/day] (rounded) 24 days after insertion 21 60 days after insertion 21 1 year after insertion 19 3 years after insertion 14 5 years after insertion 11 6 years after insertion 9 7 years after insertion 8 8 years after insertion 7 Average over 1st year 20 Average over 3 years 18 Average over 5 years 15 Average over 8 years 13 After insertion of Mirena, LNG is detectable in serum/plasma after 1 hour. The maximum concentration is reached within 2 weeks after insertion and amounts to about 180 ng/L (CV 38%). In correspondence with the declining release rate, the geometric mean serum/plasma concentration of levonorgestrel declines continuously: Table 6: Estimated Total LNG Mean Plasma Concentrations Time after insertion Total LNG plasma concentrations [ng/L] (geometric CV%) 24 days 175 (37.6) 2 months 169 (37.1) 1 year 159 (37.4) 3 years 139 (37.8) 5 years 123 (38.2) 8 years 100 (39.9) Distribution LNG is bound non-specifically to serum albumin and specifically to the Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG.) Less than 2% of the circulating LNG is present as free steroid. Levonorgestrel binds with high affinity to SHBG. Accordingly, changes in the concentration of SHBG in serum result in an increase (at higher SHBG concentrations) or in a decrease (at lower SHBG concentrations) of the total levonorgestrel concentration in serum. The concentration of SHBG declined on average by about 20% during the two months after insertion of Mirena and remained stable during thereafter, increasing only slightly until the end of the 8 years of use. The apparent volume of distribution of LNG is reported to be approximately 1.8 L/kg. Elimination Following intravenous administration of 0.09 mg LNG to healthy volunteers, the total clearance of LNG is approximately 1 mL/min/kg and the elimination half-life is approximately 20 hours. Metabolic clearance rates may differ among individuals by several-fold, and this may account in part for wide individual variations in LNG concentrations seen in individuals using LNG–containing contraceptive products. Metabolism Following absorption, LNG is extensively metabolized. The most important metabolic pathways are the reduction of the Δ4-3-oxo group and hydroxylations at positions 2α, 1β and 16β, followed by conjugation. Significant amounts of conjugated and unconjugated 3α, 5β-tetra-hydrolevonorgestrel are also present in serum, along with much smaller amounts of 3α, 5α-tetrahydrolevonorgestrel and 16β-hydroxylevonorgestrel. CYP3A4 is the main enzyme involved in the oxidative metabolism of LNG. Excretion LNG and its phase I metabolites are excreted primarily as glucuronide conjugates. About 45% of LNG and its metabolites are excreted in the urine and about 32% are excreted in feces, mostly as glucuronide conjugates. Specific Populations Pediatric: Safety and efficacy of Mirena have been established in women of reproductive age. Use of this product before menarche is not indicated . Geriatric: Mirena has not been studied in women over age 65 and is not currently approved for use in this population . Race: No studies have evaluated the effect of race on the pharmacokinetics of Mirena. Hepatic Impairment: No studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of hepatic disease on the disposition of Mirena . Renal Impairment: No formal studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of renal disease on the disposition of Mirena. Drug-Drug Interactions No drug-drug interaction studies were conducted with Mirena [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] .
Pharmacokinetics Table
Effective Time
20240718
Version
19
Dosage And Administration Table
Starting Mirena in women not currently using hormonal or intrauterine contraception | |
Switching to Mirena from an oral, transdermal, or vaginal hormonal contraceptive | |
Switching to Mirena from an injectable progestin contraceptive | |
Switching to Mirena from a contraceptive implant or another IUS | |
Inserting Mirena after first-trimester abortion or miscarriage | |
Inserting Mirena after childbirth or second-trimester abortion or miscarriage | |
Interval insertion following complete involution of the uterus |
Dosage Forms And Strengths
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Mirena is a LNG-releasing IUS (a type of intrauterine device, or IUD) consisting of a T-shaped polyethylene frame with a steroid reservoir containing a total of 52 mg LNG. • One sterile intrauterine system consisting of a T-shaped polyethylene frame with a steroid reservoir containing 52 mg levonorgestrel packaged within a sterile inserter ( 3 )
Spl Product Data Elements
Mirena Levonorgestrel LEVONORGESTREL LEVONORGESTREL DIMETHICONE BARIUM SULFATE
Carcinogenesis And Mutagenesis And Impairment Of Fertility
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )]
Nonclinical Toxicology
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )]
Application Number
NDA021225
Brand Name
Mirena
Generic Name
Levonorgestrel
Product Ndc
50419-423
Product Type
HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG
Route
INTRAUTERINE
Package Label Principal Display Panel
Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system) Carton NDC 50419-423-01 1 Sterile Unit NEW contains updated single-handed inserter with no removable threads IMPORTANT: To be inserted in the uterus by a trained healthcare provider. Mirena cannot be reloaded.. See physician insert for detailed instructions for use. Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system) Rx only — 52 mg levonorgestrel — 1 sterile unit — intrauterine use Mirena Carton
Information For Patients
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information) • Sexually Transmitted Infections: Advise the patient that this product does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). • Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy: Advise the patient about the risks of ectopic pregnancy, including the loss of fertility. Teach her to recognize and report to her healthcare provider promptly any symptoms of ectopic pregnancy. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ).] • Risks of Intrauterine Pregnancy: Advise the patient to contact her healthcare provider if she thinks she might be pregnant. Inform the patient about the risks of intrauterine pregnancy while using Mirena, including the risks of leaving Mirena in place and the risks of removing Mirena or probing of the uterus. If Mirena cannot be removed in a pregnant patient, advise her to report immediately any symptom that suggests complications of the pregnancy. Advise her of isolated reports of virilization of the female fetus following local exposure to LNG during pregnancy with an LNG IUS in place. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) and Use in Special Populations ( 8.1 ).] • Sepsis: Counsel the patient that severe infection or sepsis, including Group A streptococcal sepsis (GAS), can occur within the first few days after Mirena is inserted. Instruct her to contact a healthcare provider immediately if she develops severe pain or fever shortly after Mirena is inserted. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 ).] • Pelvic Infection: Advise the patient about the possibility of pelvic infections, including PID, and that these infections can cause tubal damage leading to ectopic pregnancy or infertility, or infrequently can necessitate hysterectomy, or cause death. Teach patients to recognize and report to their healthcare provider promptly any symptoms of pelvic infection. These symptoms include development of menstrual disorders (prolonged or heavy bleeding), unusual vaginal discharge, abdominal or pelvic pain or tenderness, dyspareunia, chills, and fever. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 ).] • Perforation and Expulsion: Advise the patient that the IUS may be expelled from or perforate the uterus and instruct her on how she can check that the threads still protrude from the cervix. Inform her that excessive pain or vaginal bleeding during Mirena placement, worsening pain or bleeding after placement, or the inability to feel Mirena strings may occur with Mirena perforation and expulsion. Caution her not to pull on the threads and displace Mirena. Inform her that there is no contraceptive protection if Mirena is displaced or expelled. Instruct the patient to contact her healthcare provider if she cannot feel the threads and to avoid intercourse or use a non-hormonal back-up birth control (such as condoms or spermicide) until the location of Mirena has been confirmed. Advise her that if perforation occurs, Mirena will have to be located and removed; surgery may be required. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 , 5.6 , 5.10 ).] • Ovarian Cysts: Advise the patient regarding the risk of ovarian cysts and that cysts can cause clinical symptoms including pelvic pain, abdominal pain or dyspareunia. Advise the patient to contact her healthcare provider if she experiences these symptoms. [ See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ).] • Bleeding Pattern Alterations: Advise the patient that irregular or prolonged bleeding and spotting, and/or cramps may occur during the first few weeks after insertion. Inform the patient that, during the first 3–6 months of Mirena use, the number of bleeding and spotting days may be higher and bleeding patterns may be irregular. If her symptoms continue or are severe, she should report them to her healthcare provider. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 ).] • Clinical Considerations for Use and Removal: Advise the patient to contact her healthcare provider if she experiences any of the following: • A stroke or heart attack • Very severe or migraine headaches • Unexplained fever • Yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, as these may be signs of serious liver problems • Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy • Pelvic pain, abdominal pain, or pain during sex • HIV positive seroconversion in herself or her partner • Possible exposure to STIs • Unusual vaginal discharge or genital sores • Severe vaginal bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, or if she misses a menstrual period • Inability to feel Mirena's threads
Spl Patient Package Insert Table
Patient Information MIRENA® (mur-ā-nah) (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system) | |
Read this Patient Information carefully before you decide if MIRENA is right for you. This information does not take the place of talking with your gynecologist or other healthcare provider who specializes in women’s health. If you have any questions about MIRENA, ask your healthcare provider. You should also learn about other birth control methods to choose the one that is best for you. | |
MIRENA does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). | |
What is MIRENA? MIRENA is a small flexible plastic T-shaped system that slowly releases a progestin hormone called levonorgestrel (LNG) that is often used in birth control pills. Because MIRENA releases LNG into your uterus, only small amounts of the hormone enter your blood. MIRENA does not contain estrogen. Two thin threads are attached to the stem (lower end) of MIRENA. The threads are the only part of MIRENA you can feel when MIRENA is in your uterus; however, unlike a tampon string, the threads do not extend outside your body. | |
MIRENA is small | and flexible |
What if I need birth control for more than 8 years? MIRENA must be removed after 8 years. Your healthcare provider can place a new MIRENA during the same office visit if you choose to continue using MIRENA. | |
What if I need treatment for heavy menstrual flow for more than 5 years? For continued treatment of heavy menstrual flow after 5 years, your healthcare provider can remove MIRENA and place a new MIRENA during the same office visit. | |
What if I want to stop using MIRENA? MIRENA is intended for use up to 8 years, but you can stop using MIRENA at any time by asking your healthcare provider to remove it. You could become pregnant as soon as MIRENA is removed, so you should use another method of birth control if you do not want to become pregnant. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best birth control methods for you, because your new method may need to be started 7 days before MIRENA is removed to prevent pregnancy. | |
What if I change my mind about birth control and want to become pregnant in less than 8 years? Your healthcare provider can remove MIRENA at any time. You may become pregnant as soon as MIRENA is removed. About 8 out of 10 women who want to become pregnant will become pregnant sometime in the first year after MIRENA is removed. | |
How does MIRENA work? MIRENA may work in several ways including thickening cervical mucus, inhibiting sperm movement, reducing sperm survival, and thinning the lining of your uterus. It is not known exactly how these actions work together to prevent pregnancy. MIRENA can cause your menstrual bleeding to be less by thinning the lining of the uterus. | |
How well does MIRENA work for contraception? The following chart shows the chance of getting pregnant for women who use different methods of birth control. Each box on the chart contains a list of birth control methods that are similar in effectiveness. The most effective methods are at the top of the chart. The box on the bottom of the chart shows the chance of getting pregnant for women who do not use birth control and are trying to get pregnant. MIRENA, an intrauterine device (IUD), also known as an intrauterine system (IUS), is in the box at the top of the chart. | |
How well does MIRENA work for heavy menstrual bleeding? In the clinical trial performed in women with heavy menstrual bleeding and treated with MIRENA, almost 9 out of 10 were treated successfully and their blood loss was reduced by more than half. | |
Who might use MIRENA? You might choose MIRENA if you: | |
Do not use MIRENA if you: | |
Before having MIRENA placed, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions including if you: Tell your healthcare provider about all of the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. | |
How is MIRENA placed? MIRENA is placed by your healthcare provider during an in-office visit or immediately after giving birth. First, your healthcare provider will examine your pelvis to find the exact position of your uterus. Your healthcare provider will then clean your vagina and cervix with an antiseptic solution and slide a slim plastic tube containing MIRENA through the cervix into your uterus. Your healthcare provider will then remove the plastic tube and leave MIRENA in your uterus. Your healthcare provider will cut the threads to the right length. You may experience pain, bleeding or dizziness during and after placement. If your symptoms do not pass within 30 minutes after placement, MIRENA may not have been placed correctly. Your healthcare provider will examine you to see if MIRENA needs to be removed or replaced. | |
Should I check that MIRENA is in place? Yes, you should check that MIRENA is in proper position by feeling the removal threads. It is a good habit to do this 1 time a month. Your healthcare provider should teach you how to check that MIRENA is in place. First, wash your hands with soap and water. You can check by reaching up to the top of your vagina with clean fingers to feel the removal threads. Do not pull on the threads. If you feel more than just the threads or if you cannot feel the threads, MIRENA may not be in the right position and may not prevent pregnancy. Avoid intercourse or use non-hormonal back-up birth control (such as condoms or spermicide) and ask your healthcare provider to check that MIRENA is still in the right place. | |
How soon after placement of MIRENA should I return to my healthcare provider? Call your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns (see "When should I call my healthcare provider?"). Otherwise, you should return to your healthcare provider for a follow-up visit 4 to 6 weeks after MIRENA is placed to make sure that MIRENA is in the right position. | |
Can I use tampons or menstrual cups with MIRENA? Yes, tampons or menstrual cups may be used with MIRENA. Change tampons or menstrual cups with care to avoid pulling the threads of Mirena. If you think you may have pulled Mirena out of place, avoid intercourse or use a non-hormonal back-up birth control (such as condoms or spermicide), and contact your healthcare provider. | |
What if I become pregnant while using MIRENA? Call your healthcare provider right away if you think you may be pregnant. If possible, also do a urine pregnancy test. If you get pregnant while using MIRENA, you may have an ectopic pregnancy. This means that the pregnancy is not in the uterus. Unusual vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain especially with missed periods may be a sign of ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency that often requires surgery. Ectopic pregnancy can cause internal bleeding, infertility, and even death. There are also risks if you get pregnant while using MIRENA and the pregnancy is in the uterus. Severe infection, miscarriage, premature delivery, and even death can occur with pregnancies that continue with an intrauterine device (IUD). Because of this, your healthcare provider may try to remove MIRENA, even though removing it may cause a miscarriage. If MIRENA cannot be removed, talk with your healthcare provider about the benefits and risks of continuing the pregnancy and possible effects of the hormone on your unborn baby. If you continue your pregnancy, see your healthcare provider regularly. Call your healthcare provider right away if you get flu-like symptoms, fever, chills, cramping, pain, bleeding, vaginal discharge, or fluid leaking from your vagina. These may be signs of infection. | |
How will MIRENA change my periods? For the first 3 to 6 months, your period may become irregular and the number of bleeding days may increase. You may also have frequent spotting or light bleeding, and some women have heavy bleeding during this time. You may also have cramping during the first few weeks. After you have used MIRENA for a while, the number of bleeding and spotting days is likely to lessen. For some women, periods will stop altogether. When Mirena is removed, your menstrual periods should return. In some women with heavy bleeding, the total blood loss per cycle progressively decreases with continued use. The number of spotting and bleeding days may initially increase but then typically decreases in the months that follow. | |
Is it safe to breastfeed while using MIRENA? You may use MIRENA when you are breastfeeding. MIRENA is not likely to affect the quality or amount of your breast milk or the health of your nursing baby. However, isolated cases of decreased milk production have been reported. The risk of MIRENA going into the wall of the uterus (becoming embedded) or going through the wall of the uterus is increased if MIRENA is inserted while you are breastfeeding. | |
Will MIRENA interfere with sexual intercourse? You and your partner should not feel MIRENA during intercourse. MIRENA is placed in the uterus, not in the vagina. Sometimes your partner may feel the threads. If this occurs, or if you or your partner experience pain during sex, talk with your healthcare provider. | |
What are the possible side effects of MIRENA? MIRENA can cause serious side effects including: Common side effects of Mirena include: Other common side effects include: These are not all of the possible side effects with MIRENA. For more information, ask your healthcare provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. You may also report side effects to Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals at 1-888-842-2937. | |
After MIRENA has been placed, when should I call my healthcare provider? If Mirena is accidentally removed and you had vaginal intercourse within the preceding week, you may be at risk of pregnancy, and you should talk to a healthcare provider. Call your healthcare provider if you have any concerns about MIRENA. Be sure to call if you: | |
General advice about the safe and effective use of MIRENA. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in patient information leaflets. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your healthcare provider for information about MIRENA that is written for health professionals. | |
What are the ingredients in MIRENA? Active ingredient: levonorgestrel Inactive ingredients: silicone, polyethylene, silica, barium sulfate, iron oxide Manufactured for: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Whippany, NJ 07981 © 2000, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. All rights reserved. For more information, go to www.MIRENA-us.com or call 1-888-842-2937 |
Clinical Studies
14 CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Clinical Trials on Contraception The safety and effectiveness of Mirena was studied in two clinical trials in Finland and Sweden. In these trials, 1,169 women 18 to 35 years of age at enrollment used Mirena for up to 5 years, for a total of 45,000 women-months of exposure. Of these, 5.6% (66) were nulliparous women. Subjects had previously been pregnant, had no history of ectopic pregnancy, had no history of pelvic inflammatory disease over the preceding 12 months, were predominantly White, and over 70% of the subjects had previously used IUDs (intrauterine devices). The reported 12-month pregnancy rates were less than or equal to 0.2 per 100 women (0.2%) and the cumulative 5-year pregnancy rate was approximately 0.7 per 100 women (0.7%). The contraceptive efficacy of Mirena during extended use beyond 5 years was studied in the Mirena Extension Trial (NCT02985541), a multi-center, open-label, uncontrolled study conducted in the United States. The trial enrolled women 18 to 35 years of age who had been using Mirena for not less than 4.5 years and not more than 5 years at enrollment. The population consisted of 362 women using Mirena. Of these 47.2% were nulliparous. The women were predominantly White (75.4%); 14.1% of the women were Black/African American, and 2.5% were Asian; 11.3 % were Hispanic. The weight range was 38.5–163.5 kg (mean weight: 75.6 kg) and mean BMI was 27.9 kg/m 2 (range: 15.4–57.7 kg/m 2 ). The pregnancy rate calculated as the Pearl Index (PI) was the primary efficacy endpoint used to assess contraceptive efficacy. The PI was based on 28-day equivalent exposure cycles; evaluable cycles excluded those in which back-up contraception was used unless a pregnancy occurred in that cycle. The PI for the 6th year of use based on the 1 pregnancy that occurred during Year 6 and within 7 days after Mirena removal or expulsion and 3,870 evaluable cycles was 0.34 with a 95% upper confidence limit of 1.88, and the PI for the 7th year of use based on the 1 pregnancy that occurred during Year 7 and within 7 days after Mirena removal or expulsion and 3,232 evaluable cycles was 0.40 with a 95% upper confidence limit of 2.25. The PI for the 8th year of use based on no pregnancies occurring during Year 8 and within 7 days after Mirena removal or expulsion and 2,534 evaluable cycles was 0.00 with a 95% upper confidence limit of 1.90. The cumulative 3-year pregnancy rate for Years 6, 7 and 8 was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Based on 2 pregnancies (1 in Year 6 and 1 in Year 7) and 10,216 exposure cycles, the cumulative pregnancy rate at the end of the 3-year period of extended use (Years 6, 7 and 8) was 0.68% with a 95% upper confidence limit of 2.71%. 14.2 Clinical Trial on Heavy Menstrual Bleeding The efficacy of Mirena in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding was studied in a randomized, open-label, active-control, parallel-group trial comparing Mirena (n=79) to an approved therapy, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (n=81), over 6 cycles. The subjects included reproductive-aged women in good health, with no contraindications to the drug products and with confirmed heavy menstrual bleeding (≥ 80 mL menstrual blood loss [MBL]) determined using the alkaline hematin method. Excluded were women with organic or systemic conditions that may cause heavy uterine bleeding (except small fibroids, with total volume not > 5 mL). Treatment with Mirena showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in MBL (see Figure 12) and a statistically significantly greater number of subjects with successful treatment (see Figure 13). Successful treatment was defined as proportion of subjects with (1) end-of-study MBL < 80 mL and (2) a ≥ 50% decrease in MBL from baseline to end-of-study. Figure 12: Median Menstrual Blood Loss (MBL) by Time and Treatment Figure 13: Proportion of Subjects with Successful Treatment MBL Figure fig 13Proportion of Subjects with Successful Treatment
References
15 REFERENCES 1 http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/pid.htm . Accessed August 22, 2016.
Geriatric Use
8.5 Geriatric Use Mirena has not been studied in women over age 65 and is not approved for use in this population.
Pediatric Use
8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and efficacy of Mirena have been established in women of reproductive age. Efficacy is expected to be the same for postpubertal females under the age of 18 as for users 18 years and older. Use of this product before menarche is not indicated.
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The use of Mirena is contraindicated in pregnancy or with a suspected pregnancy and Mirena may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 )]. If a woman becomes pregnant with Mirena in place, the likelihood of ectopic pregnancy is increased and there is an increased risk of miscarriage, sepsis, premature labor, and premature delivery . Remove Mirena, if possible, if pregnancy occurs in a woman using Mirena. If Mirena cannot be removed, follow the pregnancy closely [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 )] . There have been isolated cases of virilization of the external genitalia of the female fetus following local exposure to LNG during pregnancy with an LNG IUS in place.
Use In Specific Populations
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The use of Mirena is contraindicated in pregnancy or with a suspected pregnancy and Mirena may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 )]. If a woman becomes pregnant with Mirena in place, the likelihood of ectopic pregnancy is increased and there is an increased risk of miscarriage, sepsis, premature labor, and premature delivery . Remove Mirena, if possible, if pregnancy occurs in a woman using Mirena. If Mirena cannot be removed, follow the pregnancy closely [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 )] . There have been isolated cases of virilization of the external genitalia of the female fetus following local exposure to LNG during pregnancy with an LNG IUS in place. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Published studies report the presence of LNG in human milk. Small amounts of progestins (approximately 0.1% of the total maternal doses) were detected in the breast milk of nursing mothers who used Mirena, resulting in exposure of LNG to the breastfed infants. There are no reports of adverse effects in breastfed infants with maternal use of progestin-only contraceptives. Isolated cases of decreased milk production have been reported with Mirena. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Mirena and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from Mirena or from the underlying maternal condition. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Return to Fertility After Discontinuing Mirena In two studies, return to fertility was investigated in a total of 229 women who desired pregnancy after study discontinuation and provided follow-up information. The probability to conceive within 12 months after removal of Mirena was approximately 80%. 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and efficacy of Mirena have been established in women of reproductive age. Efficacy is expected to be the same for postpubertal females under the age of 18 as for users 18 years and older. Use of this product before menarche is not indicated. 8.5 Geriatric Use Mirena has not been studied in women over age 65 and is not approved for use in this population.
How Supplied
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system), containing a total of 52 mg LNG, is available in a carton of one sterile unit NDC# 50419-423-01. Mirena is supplied sterile. Mirena is sterilized with ethylene oxide. Do not resterilize. For single use only. Do not use if the inner package is damaged or open. Insert before the end of the month shown on the label. Store at 25°C (77°F); with excursions permitted between 15–30°C (59–86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
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